In 2021, about six percent of the world’s population, or 529 million people, lived with diabetes, mostly type 2 diabetes (T2D). The same year, 1.6 million deaths were attributed to the disease.
T2D is a complex disease that develops over time when the body cannot produce enough insulin and/or not use insulin efficiently. These discrepancies spoil the body’s ability to properly use and store the body’s sugars, fat and proteins.
It has results.
T2D increases the risk of many diseases, including heart disease and stroke, and is the leading cause of disability and death worldwide.
Fortunately, T2D can be stopped.
As a researcher in nutrition, my work focuses on highlighting nutritional approaches that can help prevent the development of cardiometabolic disease in high risk individuals.
Blood Appob and T2D
In people with T2D, a high number of particles carrying “bad cholesterol” (called lipoprotein or ldl) is measured as “hypertensive appob”, which is associated with the development of a heart disease.
Historically, to measure high blood aPOB, high blood LDL, it was believed that T2D was the result (APOB LDL has a protein that is required for their formation).
However, the clinical data from my research unit indicates that high blood APOB T2D is a cause -with the result of nutrition, lipoprotein and cardiomyatabolic diseases at the Institute de Recore Clinic de Montreal. These findings have been confirmed by large popular studies.
However, mechanisms connecting high blood aPOB to T2D and nutritional intervention were unknown to their treatment.
T2D risk factor
A recent analysis of 67 human studies has shown that the high blood levels of omega-3 fatty acids are found in fish oil, EPA (ecospentenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexenoic acid) -T2D and low phenomenon of heart disease.
To understand how APOB and omega -3 blood levels can modify the risk of T2D, my team recruited 40 healthy volunteers who were not taking medicines to participate in a clinical study at Institute de Recherche Clinic de Montreal between 2013 and 2019.
Recructed participants followed the intervention of 12 -week with 2.7 grams of EPA and DHA’s omega -3 supplement while maintaining their common diet. We measured the participants’ carbohydrates and fat metabolism and inflammatory reactions especially in their fat tissue (fat) before and after DHA supplementation.
It is important to mention that inflammation is a natural defense mechanism that helps our body fight infection. However, when it persists for a long time without infection, it promotes the development of chronic diseases including T2D and heart disease.
The purpose of this study was to find out if LDL could induce chronic inflammation in the fat tissue of the participants and whether EPA and DHA can treat it.
Promising search
We found that, before the EPA and DHA complementarity, subjects with high blood APOB had high fat tissue inflammation than low blood APOB subjects. Fat tissue inflammation in subjects with high blood Appob was associated with abnormalities in carbohydrates and fat metabolism that increases the risk of T2D and CVD.
Taking EPA and DHA supplements for three months reduced the LDL capacity of participants, so that they could induce inflammation in their own fat tissue. It also eliminated the link between LDL or other metabolism and microbial trigger inspired by T2D and many risk factors of heart disease.
In addition, EPA and DHA improved the ability to eliminate fat from blood after secreting insulin in response to the increase in blood sugar of participants and ingestion of high -fat food. More EPA and especially decrease in DHA, T2D and cardiovascular risk factors.
These findings were published in two articles in the journal Scientific report In 2023 and 2024, omega -3 represents data before and after complementary.
One essential fat
EPA and DHA should be obtained through our diet, as our body cannot synthesize them in sufficient amounts.
Canadian Heart and Stroke Foundation recommends eating two parts of fish per week, especially oily fish such as herring, salmon and mackerel. This intake can provide about three grams of EPA and DHA per week.
Omega -3 fatty acids can also be found in plant -based foods, such as flaxseed and stronghold foods. However, the human body cannot convert plants -based omega -3 into adequate amounts in EPA and DHA.
According to Health Canada, consumption of five grams of EPA and DHA per day can help support and maintain heart health, cognitive health, brain function and mood balance in adults. EPA and DHA can also help in reducing pain associated with blood fat as well as rheumatism.
Fish oil supplements are another source of EPA and DHA. But it is important to verify that these supplements have received internationally verified omega -3 (IVO) certification or other third -party certification that ensures that the supplement complies with the highest standards of the world of omega -3 purity and power.
Our findings suggest that targeting people with high APOB with EPA and DHA can help reduce their risk of T2D and heart disease.
In other words, omega -3 oil can kill two birds with a stone by stopping two common and weak diseases worldwide.
My team is currently studying the contradiction of reducing blood LDL in some individuals, while the heart may increase its risk of T2D by reducing its risk of heart. We are also looking for the role of EPA and DHA in this incident. Participation in studies is open to all Canadians.
May Faraj is a professor at Universit De Montreal and a scientist at Institute de Recherchace Clinic De Montreal (IRCM), Universit De Montreal.
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