Astronomers unveil ‘baby pictures’ of the first stars and galaxies

Its early and most accurate images of the universe have yet been built by an international team of astronomers – the first to be accessible to humans – to humans.

Measuring the light, known as the cosmic microwave background (CMB), traveling for more than 13 billion years to reach a binoculars in the Chile Andes, reveal the new images the universe when it was about 380,000 years old-which was now equal to the photos of the old child of the middle-aged cosmos.

Research by Atakama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) collaboration, with unprecedented clarity refers to both the intensity and polarization of the early light after the Big Bang, which reveals the formation of ancient, integrated clouds of hydrogen and helium that later developed in the first stars and galaxies.

The team involving the researchers at the Cardiff University says that analyzing CMB in high definition has enabled them to confirm a simple model of the universe, rule of many competitive options.

He presented his results American Physical Society Annual Meeting On March 19, 2025 and presented them in the review process for publication Cosmology and Astropartical Physics Journal,

Professor Arminia Cailabres, director of research at the School of Physics and Astronomy of Cardiff University and Professor Arminia Cailabres, said, “These new images allow us to rebuild with high precision, which seeds we seedl in the night sky and also our own planets.

“We are able to measure more accurately than ever that the observable universe expands about 50 billion light years in all directions from us, and has a mass of 1,900 ‘zeta-sun’, or about 2 trillion trillion flax.

“In those 1,900 zetta-sun, the mass of the general case-the way we can see and measure-the sky grows up to 100. It has three-fourth of hydrogen and a quarter is helium.

“The elements from which humans are formed – mostly with carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, iron and even gold marks – later are formed in stars and there are just one spraying at the top of this cosmic stu.

“Another 500 zetta-sun of mass is in the invisible dark case of an unknown nature, and the remaining 1,300 are dominant vacuum energy or ‘dark energy’ of empty space.”

A major goal of work was to check the alternative model for the universe that would explain the disagreement that has come out about the Hubble Constant in recent years, at the rate at which the space is expanding today.

Measurements obtained from CMB have shown an extension rate of megaparsake (km/s/MPC) per second consecutive meter, while measurements obtained from the movement of nearby galaxies indicate high stable constants in the form of 73–74 km/s/MPC.

Using its newly released data, the ACT team confirmed a low price for the Hubble constant, and with increased accuracy.

“We scanned many sections, which could give high value of the expansion rate, but they were not in favor of new data,” said Professor Cailabury.

New measurements have also refined the estimate of the age of the universe, which is 13.8 billion years old, only with an uncertainty of 0.1%.

ACT Cardiff University has been a major research focus for the team, with a major research with its astronomy instrumentation group included in the ACT optical layout since the first instrument design in 2004.

“Our unique filters have enabled ACT detectors to work on the sensitivity required to create these tremendous measurements,” said Cardiff Hub Professor Carol Tucker for Astrophysics Research and Technology.

Since 2011, work led by Professor Calabris has transformed data into information about the basic qualities of the universe.

The final data characterization and interpretation presented at the meeting marks the end of the four-year work in collaboration with the Cardiff Post-Doctoral Researcher Hid Jens.

“ACT has been my cosmic laboratory during my PhD study. It has been thrilling to be a part of the leading attempt to this sophisticated understanding of our universe,” Jens said.

ACT fulfilled its comments in 2022, and meditation is now turning into a new, more competent, semen’s observatory at the same place in Chile – the next major CMB project for the Cardiff Team.

Professor Kailabury said, “It is very good to see the act retiring with this performance of results.”

“Circle continues to close around our standard model of cosmology, with these latest results strongly weighs that the universe is no longer possible.”