Astronomers have discovered a collection of small galaxies located about 3 million light-year away, including the smallest and unconscious galaxy ever.
This galaxy, Andromeda XXXV, and its compatriot orbiting our neighboring galaxy, revolving Andromeda, can change how we think about cosmic evolution.
This is because this small dwarf galaxies should have been destroyed under the hotter and intensive conditions of the early universe. Still somehow, this small galaxy survived without fried.
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Team member and Michigan Professor Eric Bell said in a statement, “These are perfectly functional galaxies, but they are about one millionth of the size of Milky Way.” “It is like being a fully functional human that is the size of a rash of rice.”
Meet Andromeda XXXV
Dwarf galaxies are nothing new to scientists themselves. Our own galaxy, Milky Way, dozens of these satellites are ordered by galaxies, which are caught by its more huge galaxies.
However, there is a big thing about dwarf galaxies that scientists do not know. This is because being small, they are much less than the major galaxies, making them spotted and difficult to study them at a large distance.
While the astronomers are able to determine many dwarf galaxies in the orbit around Milky Way, identifying dwarf galaxies around our bright galactic neighbors has been incredibly difficult. This means that the dwarf galaxies of Milky Way have been the only source of information about small satellites galaxies.
This task is somewhat less challenging around Milky Way, Andromeda’s nearest major galaxy. Other dwarf galaxies have been first seen around Andromeda, but they are large and bright, thus only confirming the information that astronomers collected about dwarf galaxies around Milky Way.
To discover these paradigm-shifts small and dimber dwarf galaxies, a astronomer team leader of the University of Michigan, Markos Arius, and his colleagues dismissed various large-scale celestial datasets. The team was also able to achieve time with the Hubble Space Telescope to assist in their search.
This showed that not only Andromeda XXXV is a satellite galaxy, but it is also very small how to change the principles of development of galaxies.
“It was really surprising,” Bell said. “This is the most unconscious thing that you find around, so it is just a clean system. But it is also unexpected even by very different ways.”
A cosmic murder mystery
One of the major aspects of the galactic evolution is how long their star-formation period lasts. This seemed to be the main difference between Milky Way’s dwarf galaxies and small satellites of Andromeda.
“Most of the Milky Satellites have a very ancient star population. They stopped making stars about 10 billion years ago,” Arius explained. “What we are seeing is that similar satellites in Andromeda can make stars a few billion years ago – about 6 billion years.”
Star formation requires a stable supply of gas and dust to collapse and drop the bodies of the wire. When that gas goes away, the star formation stops, and the galaxy “dies.”
Thus, Bell described the situation around these small galaxies as a “secret of murder”. Did the form of the star end when the supply of gas of dwarf galaxies was out of itself, or when these gases were gravitationally taken away by a large galactic host?
In the case of Milky Way, it appears that the gas was out of itself for the formation of star; However, for small galaxies around Andromeda, it appears that they were “killed” by their parents galaxies.
Bell said, “It’s a little dark, but it has either fallen or they have pushed? These galaxies have been pushed,” Bell said. “With this, we have learned something new from them to them qualitatively.”
Even more curious is the expanded period of star formation experienced by Andromeda XXXV. To understand that, it is necessary to travel back at the time of birth of the first galaxies.
Why is Andromeda XXXV a ‘Deep Fried’ Galaxy?
The early era of the universe was marked by incredibly warm and dense conditions. This period of inflation launched by Big Bang continued, and the universe dispersed and cooled. This allowed the first atoms of hydrogen to take shape, the first wires, which had first gathered in the galaxies.
These stars and galaxies explode energy, as the first Kali Hole was heated in the universe. This indicated the death of very small galaxies, and scientists “cooked” the gas required for the stars formation in such a collection of stars “cooked” this heat “closed”.
Nevertheless, somehow, Andromeda XXXV survived!
“We thought they were originally fried because the entire universe turned into a vata of boiling oil,” Bell said. “We thought it would completely lose its gas, but obviously it does not happen, because it is about 20,000 solar mass and yet it was just making the stars fine for some extra billion years.”
Just how the opposition to Andromeda XXXV is fried, there is still a mystery.
“I have no answer,” Bell said. “It is still true that the universe heated; we are just learning the results that we are more complicated than what we thought.”
NASA and other space agencies are planning missions that can explore dwarf galaxies around other large galaxies and help solve this mystery. But there is a good chance that the solution will open new questions as the search for Andromeda XXXV.
“We still have a lot to find,” Arius said. “There are many things that we still need to learn – even what we have – in terms of galaxies formation, development and structure, before we reversed the history of the universe and understand where we are today.”
Team research was published on 11 March The astrophysical journal letters.
Originally posted Space.com,
